Lower temperature waste heats less than 373 K have strong potentials to supply additional energies\nbecause of their enormous quantities and ubiquity. Accordingly, reinforcement of power generations\nharvesting low temperature heats is one of the urgent tasks for the current generation in\norder to accomplish energy sustainability in the coming decades. In this study, a liquid turbine\npower generator driven by lower temperature heats below 373 K was proposed in the aim of expanding\nselectable options for harvesting low temperature waste heats less than 373 K. The proposing\nsystem was so simply that it was mainly composed of a liquid turbine, a liquid container\nwith a biphasic medium of water and an underlying water-insoluble low-boiling-point medium in\na liquid phase, a heating section for vaporization of the liquid and a cooling section for entropy\ndischarge outside the system. Assumed power generating steps via the proposing liquid turbine\npower generator were as follows: step 1: the underlying low-boiling-point medium in a liquid\nphase was vaporized, step 2: the surfacing vapor bubbles of low-boiling-point medium accompanied\nthe biphasic medium in their wakes, step 3: such high momentum flux by step 2 rotated the\nliquid turbine (i.e. power generation), step 4: the surfacing low-boiling-point medium vapor was\ngradually condensed into droplets, step 5: the low-boiling-point medium droplets were submerged\nto the underlying medium in a liquid phase. Experiments with a prototype liquid turbine\npower generator proved power generations in accordance with the assumed steps at a little higher\nthan ordinary temperature. Increasing output voltage could be obtained with an increase in the\ncooling temperature among tested ranging from 294 to 296 K in contrast to normal thermal engines.\nFurther improvements of the direct current voltage from the proposing liquid turbine power\ngenerator can be expected by means of far more vigorous multiphase flow induced by adding\nsolid powders and theoretical optimizations of heat and mass transfers.
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